Pearls: A Complete Guide to Nature's Only Grown Gem

Pearls by Ministry of Gems

Every other gem in this journal was forged in the earth over millions of years. The pearl is different: it is the only gem grown by a living creature, needing no cutting or polishing to reveal its beauty. It arrives perfect — which is why pearls have symbolised purity for thousands of years, and why they remain the birthstone of June.

The main types of pearl

  • Akoya — the classic: round, white, brilliantly lustrous. The pearl of timeless strands and studs.
  • South Sea — the largest and most valuable cultured pearls, in white, silver and gold tones.
  • Freshwater — versatile and accessible, in whites, creams and natural pastels.
  • Tahitian — the famed "black" pearls, actually deep greens, silvers and peacock hues.

How pearls are judged

Five factors decide a pearl's worth: lustre (the sharp, mirror-like glow — the single most important factor), surface cleanliness, shape (perfectly round is rarest), size, and colour. A smaller pearl with superb lustre outshines a large dull one every time.

Caring for pearls

Pearls are organic and soft (2.5–4.5 Mohs), so they live by one rule: last on, first off. Put them on after perfume and cosmetics, wipe them with a soft cloth after wearing, and store them away from harder jewellery that could scratch them. Never ultrasonic-clean a pearl.

Pearls at Ministry of Gems

From pearl-and-diamond studs and chain drops to architectural pearl rings, our pearl pieces are designed and handcrafted in our own workshop. Explore earrings and fine jewellery, or ask us to source a pearl for a bespoke design.

Continue your gem education

Aquamarine Guide · London Blue Topaz · Birthstones by Month · browse all Gem Guides — or explore loose gemstones.